参考维基百科

1 深度优先搜索

1. Start at a particular cell and call it the "exit."
2. Mark the current cell as visited, and get a list of its neighbors. For each neighbor, starting with a randomly selected neighbor:
   1. If that neighbor hasn't been visited, remove the wall between this cell and that neighbor, and then  with that neighbor as the current cell.

2 随机Kruskal算法

1. Create a list of all walls, and create a set for each cell, each containing just that one cell.
2. For each wall, in some random order:
   1. If the cells divided by this wall belong to distinct sets:
      1. Remove the current wall.
      2. Join the sets of the formerly divided cells.

3 随机Prim算法

1. Start with a grid full of walls.
2. Pick a cell, mark it as part of the maze. Add the walls of the cell to the wall list.
3. While there are walls in the list:
   1. Pick a random wall from the list. If the cell on the opposite side isn't in the maze yet:
      1. Make the wall a passage and mark the cell on the opposite side as part of the maze.
      2. Add the neighboring walls of the cell to the wall list.
   2. If the cell on the opposite side already was in the maze, remove the wall from the list.

 Kruskal算法和Prim算法：

 

一个Python源码实现：

1 import numpy as np 2 from numpy.random import random_integers as rnd 3 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 4   5 def maze(width=81, height=51, complexity=.75, density =.75): 6     # Only odd shapes 7     shape = ((height//2)*2+1, (width//2)*2+1) 8     # Adjust complexity and density relative to maze size 9     complexity = int(complexity*(5*(shape[0]+shape[1])))10     density    = int(density*(shape[0]//2*shape[1]//2))11     # Build actual maze12     Z = np.zeros(shape, dtype=bool)13     # Fill borders14     Z[0,:] = Z[-1,:] = 115     Z[:,0] = Z[:,-1] = 116     # Make isles17     for i in range(density):18         x, y = rnd(0,shape[1]//2)*2, rnd(0,shape[0]//2)*219         Z[y,x] = 120         for j in range(complexity):21             neighbours = []22             if x > 1:           neighbours.append( (y,x-2) )23             if x < shape[1]-2:  neighbours.append( (y,x+2) )24             if y > 1:           neighbours.append( (y-2,x) )25             if y < shape[0]-2:  neighbours.append( (y+2,x) )26             if len(neighbours):27                 y_,x_ = neighbours[rnd(0,len(neighbours)-1)]28                 if Z[y_,x_] == 0:29                     Z[y_,x_] = 130                     Z[y_+(y-y_)//2, x_+(x-x_)//2] = 131                     x, y = x_, y_32     return Z33  34 plt.figure(figsize=(10,5))35 plt.imshow(maze(80,40),cmap=plt.cm.binary,interpolation='nearest')36 plt.xticks([]),plt.yticks([]) 37 plt.show()

运行结果如下所示：